Psychiatry

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Unwanted, intrusive thoughts and repetitive behaviours that a person feels driven to perform.

Written by Dr. Shivangi Aggarwal Medically reviewed by Dr. Shivangi Aggarwal Last reviewed: 01 Aug 2026

What is Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?

OCD involves recurring, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviours or mental acts (compulsions) that a person feels driven to perform to reduce distress. It can be time-consuming and distressing, but it responds well to treatment.

Who may need evaluation

  • People with distressing, intrusive thoughts they can't control
  • Those spending significant time on repetitive rituals
  • Anyone whose routines are disrupted by checking, washing or ordering

Symptoms & signs

  • Recurrent, intrusive thoughts, images or urges
  • Repetitive behaviours such as checking, washing or counting
  • A strong need for order or symmetry
  • Significant time lost to rituals
  • Distress when unable to perform a ritual

Causes

  • A combination of genetic and neurobiological factors
  • Sometimes triggered or worsened by stress

Risk factors

  • Family history of OCD or anxiety
  • High stress
  • Onset often in adolescence or early adulthood

When to seek care

  • Obsessions or compulsions take up more than an hour a day
  • Rituals interfere with work, studies or relationships
  • The distress feels difficult to manage

Diagnosis & evaluation

  • A confidential consultation and history
  • Assessment of obsessions, compulsions and their impact
  • Screening for related conditions such as anxiety or depression

Treatment & management

  • Structured therapy for OCD
  • Medication where clinically helpful
  • Practical strategies to reduce rituals over time
  • Ongoing review and support

What to expect at your visit

  • A non-judgemental space to describe your experience
  • A clear, staged plan
  • Regular follow-up to track progress

A note on health information: Content on this website is for general awareness and does not replace a consultation. For diagnosis or treatment, please book an appointment with the relevant specialist at Parijatha Healthcare Clinic. In an emergency, call your nearest hospital immediately.

Questions

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) — FAQs

Is OCD just liking things clean and tidy?

No. OCD is a distressing condition where intrusive thoughts drive repetitive behaviours a person feels unable to control — quite different from simply preferring tidiness.

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